Brain computer interface for augmented reality

ABSTRACT

An apparatus, system, and method of a brain computer interface in a headset including an augmented reality display, one or more sensors, a processing module, at least one biofeedback device, and a battery. The interface may include a printed circuit board that has the sensors to read bio-signals, provides biofeedback, and performs the processing, analyzing, and mapping of bio-signals into output. The output provides feedback via stimulation of multiple sensory brain systems of a user, including audio and visual on the augmented reality display, or audio and haptic in terms of vibration patterns that a human user may feel. All together this forms a closed-loop system, by detecting the bio-signal, then providing sensory-feedback, which in turn enhances the bio-signal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-provisionalpatent application Ser. No. 15/929,085, filed on Jan. 9, 2019, whichclaims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.62/752,133, filed on Oct. 29, 2018, and is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 17/141,162, filed Jan.4, 2021, which is a continuation-in-part of:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/498,158, filed Apr. 26, 2017,entitled “Gesture Recognition Communication System”; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/749,892, filed Jan. 22, 2020, entitled “CONTEXTAWARE DUAL DISPLAY TO AUGMENT REALITY,” which claims priority fromProvisional application No. 62/704,048, filed on Jan. 22, 2019; and U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/929,085, filed Jan. 9, 2019, entitled“BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR AUGMENTED REALITY” which claims priorityfrom Provisional application No. 62/752,133, filed on Oct. 29, 2018;each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

When typical brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are used, an externaldevice or a computer and monitor are required to process and act uponthe brain signals from the BCI. This typically but not always requires awired connection between BCI, and a variety of separate systems anddevices for processing data, as well as displaying and synchronizingvisual information with the BCI. Usually, the devices used for thebrain-computer interface may require multiple dangling wires, whichpresent multiple points of failure in the sense that if any of thosewires are damaged, the brain-computer interface may fail to function.Typically, setting up a BCI system is time intensive and mostly locationdependent in a room or lab. Additionally, there is a delay in receivingfeedback based on the bio-signal from the brain, and another human maybe required to be present in order to read the results from a separatedevice.

In addition to these problems, the typical printed circuit board used inBCIs is often flat in shape and may fail to offer practical functioningin field conditions. Therefore, there is a need for a brain-computerinterface with an improved form factor and adequate internal fieldcomputing resources.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a brain-computer interface andheadset, which includes an augmented reality display, one or moresensors, a processing module, at least one biofeedback device, and abattery.

In some embodiments, the interface may include a printed circuit boardthat contoured in a shape that conforms to a human head. The board maybe a flexible board or may be a board with separate sections linkedtogether. In an embodiment, the board comprises three parts: a firstarea, a second area and a third area. The first area of the printedcircuit board may comprise the analog front end and may inputbrain-to-surface (of the skin) bio-signals using strategically locatedsensors. The second area of the printed circuit board may perform theprocessing, analyzing and mapping of bio-signals into an output,including haptic, audio, and visual outputs to the augmented realityglasses. The third area of the printed circuit board may provide hapticand audio feedback. After experiencing feedback from all, or any ofthese three sensory modalities—audio, visual and haptic, a user maygenerate new and different bio-signals from the brain, and as such afeedback loop may result in creating and strengthening neural pathwaysthat lead to successful behaviors and actions by the user of theheadset.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, themost significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to thefigure number in which that element is first introduced.

FIG. 1 illustrates a headset 100 in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates a disassembled BCI headset 200 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates a headset 300 in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates a headset 400 in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates a cross section of headset 500 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cross section of headset 600 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 7 illustrates a cross section view of headset 700 in accordancewith one embodiment.

FIG. 8 illustrates a method 800 in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 9 illustrates a device 900 in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 10 illustrates a BCI+AR system 1000 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 11 illustrates a BCI+AR environment 1100 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 12 illustrates an augmented reality device logic 1200 in accordancewith one embodiment.

FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of nonverbal multi-input andfeedback device 1300 in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a single framework of a nonverbalmulti-input and feedback device 1400 in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of nonverbal multi-input andfeedback device 1500 in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 16 illustrates a logical diagram of a user wearing an augmentedreality headset in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 17 a logical diagram of a user wearing an augmented reality headsetin accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 18 illustrates a diagram of a use case including a user wearing anaugmented reality headset in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 19 illustrates a flow diagram 1900 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 20 illustrates a flow diagram 2000 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 21 illustrates a block diagram 2100 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 22 illustrates a block diagram 2200 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 23 illustrates a block diagram 2300 in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 24A illustrates an isometric view of a BCI headset system 2400 inaccordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 24B illustrates arear view of a BCI headset system 2400 inaccordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 24C illustrates an exploded view of a BCI headset system 2400 inaccordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 24D illustrates an exploded view of a BCI headset system 2400 inaccordance with one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure addresses problems of comfort, wireless mobility,usability, reliability and other constraints found in conventional BCIsystems utilizing a novel contoured shape and consolidated on-boardprocessing of bio-signal data utilizing a specially-designed printedcircuit board within the headset. This ability to internally processbio-signals may reduce or eliminate the need for an external mobiledevice or computer to do the bio-signals processing.

The bio-signal data is collected from the sensors on or connected to theheadset, input into the printed circuit board on the headset, processedon the headset, and then output to transducers including but not limitedto visual, auditory, and haptic transducers. In an embodiment, thecircuit board may have a variety of sensors connected to the analogfront end. For example, the mounted EEG electrodes may be utilized, butthere may also be EMG sensors attached to an arm or other body partwired to the circuit board for processing data from multiple sources,not just EEG on the head.

The output may for example be applied to an augmented reality headsetthat a user may wear. The senses that may be stimulated as biofeedbackmay include, e.g. output commands sent to inflatable bags for pressure,temperature for increasing therapeutic sensation, electricalstimulation, or even a command to an external device or system such as aprosthetic hand/arm/leg or wheelchair for controlled movement.

In response to these outputs, new and altered neural signals of theuser's brain may be reinforced, thus establishing a feedback loop thatmay result in discovering unique and creative ways to translateintentions into new experiences by the user of the headset.

The headset may function standalone without reliance on an externalmobile device or computer, making it portable and self-sufficient as a“read-only” device, i.e., no ability to display augmented reality.Alternatively, it may communicate wirelessly with a mobile device orcomputer, providing output based on the bio-signals from the user of theheadset. The headset is a unique design that consolidates moreprocessing power into a smaller package than conventional BCI headsets.The portability factor may make a significant impact on individuals whowant to have this experience in locations that are away from modernconveniences, as well as for people who are disabled. For example, oneof the uses of this device may include an augmented assistedcommunications device or a remote control device. The systems anddevices described in this disclosure may assist people who otherwisehave a hard time communicating or enough physical ability to controltheir environment well. The brain signals of such people may be able tocommunicate their thoughts or remotely control objects in theirenvironment, as opposed to verbal or hand-based communications.

Non-limiting examples of the configurations of the BCI or BCI+headsetinclude:

-   -   BCI as a fully integrated system with AR    -   BCI as an accessory that can be bolted onto another AR/VR/Mixed        Reality system    -   BCI as a reference design that can be miniaturized to a        completely detached solution (e.g. BCI in a baseball cap and AR        in a pair of smart glasses—worn separately but connected        wirelessly)    -   BCI that can be miniaturized as an implantable under the skin        and communicate wirelessly with a pair of smart AR contact        lenses.

One embodiment comprises a fully self-contained EEG(electroencephalography) headset device that is specifically designedfor the sensing and reporting of Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) matches,and optionally interfacing to a host computing device as a humanInterface Device (HID) over Generic Attributes (GATT) device keyboardsor mouse interfaces. In an embodiment, the Visual Evocation may be asteady state Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP).

EVOKED POTENTIALS

Signals can be recorded from cerebral cortex, brain stem, spinal cord,peripheral nerves and muscles. Typically the term “evoked potential” isreserved for responses involving either recording from, or stimulationof, central nervous system structures. Evoked potentials are mainlyclassified by the type of stimulus: somatosensory, auditory, visual. Butthey could be also classified according to stimulus frequency, wavelatencies, potential origin, location, and derivation.

Examples of VEPs that may be used with devices and systems disclosedherein include, but are not limited to:

-   -   Monocular pattern reversal    -   Sweep visual evoked potential    -   Binocular visual evoked potential    -   Chromatic visual evoked potential    -   Hemi-field visual evoked potential    -   Flash visual evoked potential    -   LED Goggle visual evoked potential    -   Motion visual evoked potential    -   Multifocal visual evoked potential    -   Multi-channel visual evoked potential—    -   Multi-frequency visual evoked potential    -   Stereo-elicited visual evoked potential    -   Steady state visually evoked potential    -   Code modulated visual evoked potentials    -   Chaotic code modulated evoked potentials    -   C1    -   P100    -   P200    -   P300    -   P600

Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are a subclass of event-relatedpotentials (ERPs). ERPs are brain responses that are time-locked to some“event,” such as a sensory stimulus, a mental event (such as recognitionof a target stimulus), or the omission of a stimulus. For AEPs, the“event” is a sound. AEPs (and ERPs) are very small electrical voltagepotentials originating from the brain recorded from the scalp inresponse to an auditory stimulus, such as different tones, speechsounds, etc. Examples of Auditory Evoked Potentials that may be usedwith devices and systems disclosed herein include, but are not limitedto:

-   -   Brainstem auditory evoked potentials    -   C1    -   P100    -   P200    -   P300    -   P600

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) are evoked potentials recordedfrom the brain or spinal cord when stimulating peripheral nerverepeatedly. Examples of SSEPs that may be used with devices and systemsdisclosed herein include, but are not limited to:

-   -   Steady-state vibration (haptic) somatosensory evoked potentials    -   Modulated Vibration (haptic) somatosensory evoked potentials    -   Stereo-elicited vibration (haptic) evoked potentials    -   Multi-frequency vibration (haptic) evoked    -   C1    -   P100    -   P200    -   P300

The self-contained device may comprise a headband or other externalscalp sensor contact arrangement with one or more sensors. The devicemay also include support circuitry, such as a sensor amplifier, CPU,Analog to Digital (A2D) converter, and BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) thatinterfaces with the HID over GATT protocol to a host. Acting as a HIDwireless keyboard or mouse interface, this self-contained device may beused to control any HID interface compatible devices including but notlimited to desktop computer, mobile devices and home appliances andmedia and entertainment equipment.

The device may be configurable for: (a) VEP matches on differentfrequencies that the device may monitor; (b) power threshold for thefrequency; and (c) the number of consecutive repeated cycles over thethreshold. The device may generate a configurable associated HIDkeyboard or mouse report to the HID Host. This capability may allow fordirect control over iOS, Android, OSX, Windows, and Linux devices.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

There are numerous machine learning methods that may be used to processbiosignals. Examples include, but are not limited to:

-   -   PSDA—Power Spectral Density Analysis    -   CCA—Canonical Correlation    -   CNN—Convolutional Neural Network    -   DNN—Deep Neural Network    -   RNN—Recurrent Neural Network

Multithreaded processing for simultaneous processing of data frommultiple sources concurrently may be used. For example, Machine Learningfor processing EEG (brain) and EMG (arm) simultaneously requires timesynchronization between the two data streams and processing of EEG andEMG independently, but also processing the data as a combined set (i.e.,sensor fusion). The disclosed systems and apparatuses make it possibleto support sensor fusion onboard and wirelessly. Examples may includefusing streaming data from another sensor with the EEG sensors todecrease the uncertainty level of the output; and processing either theraw data, the features, or the combined ‘simmer’ data.

The systems and methods may support concurrent processing of biosignaldata from multiple data sources and sensors (EEG, EMG, EOG, EYETRACKING, MOTION, ECG), which requires a machine learning approach forefficient and rapid processing of big data on constrained devices.

On the communication application side (Speech Generating Applicationthat runs on the AR portion of the headset), there is other AI runningspecifically for the Natural Language Processing, Natural LanguageUnderstanding aspects. Various embodiments of the system may utilize:Syntactic prediction models—Linear Word or Phrase prediction based ontree structured logic so that it makes grammatical sense in a chosenlanguage (e.g. Spanish syntax is different than Portuguese syntax);Semantic prediction models—Non-linear Word or Phrase predition based ongraph data from other sources and multiple meanings of a word or phrase(the same word or phrase can mean different things with the samelanguage); and Combined Syntactic/Semantic models—Ability to graphcomplex meaning associated with words or phrases and assemble or composean expression in a non-linear way such that the “meaning” of theexpression is understood and contextually relevant.

Embodiments of the system may provide user configurable graphicalinterfaces that allows them to choose between a variety of keyboardconfigurations including radial word prediction for rapid sentencecomposition, traditional QWERTY and alphabetical keyboards, clusteredlinotype keyboards, word and phrase prediction, save words and phrasesfor future use in predictive models.

Embodiments of the system may use at least one sensor or meta-datasource to automatically configure or allow a user to manually configurerespective predicted words to be more context aware and semanticallyrelevant and understandable. This may result in language that may becomposed non-linearly. For example, a syntactical predictive modelattempts to get the next word based on the previous word or words, upona set of syntactical rules. However, with context awareness and semanticprocessing, one can predict a phrase with a set of letters or words thatwould normally be later in the phrase. For example, typing “Fish” in asyntactical only system may predict several words after “Fish” such as“Swim”, “Are”, “Can”, “Eat” which may not be relevant to the userrequiring more effort to continue typing to get the words they want tosay. By integrating sensors to inform a semantic understanding, such aschronofencing with realtime clock and geofensing with GPS and/or wi-ficonnection identification, at typical dinner time, a user could type“Fish” and the semantic+syntactical predictive model could suggestion“I'd like to eat Fish and chips” based on sensor data and languagecustomization and favorites.

Meta-data sources may include, but are not limited to:

-   -   Magnetic/Mechanical Sensors: Compass; Magnetometer; Strain        sensors; Search-coil magnetometer; Fluxgate magnetometer;        Superconductor magnetometer; Hall effect sensor;        Magnetoresistive magnetometers; Spin-vale transistors; Giant        magnetoimpedance magnetic sensors; Magnetodiode;        Magnetotransistor; Magnetostrictive magnetometers;        Magneto-optical sensor; MEMS Based Magnetometers; Ball/tilt/foot        switch; Sole pressure switch; Pressure sensors; Contact sensors;        Mechanical switches    -   Environmental Sensors: Barometer; Humidity; Light sensor;        Thermal sensor; Ambient air temperature and pressure; Photometer    -   Location sensors: GPS receiver; Automatic Vehicle Identification        (AVI) readers; Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS); Wi-Fi        Location-Based Services; Satellite systems    -   Temporal sensors: Real-Time clock; Calendar; Seasonal data    -   Motion sensors: Accelerometer; Gyroscope; Pressure sensor;        Gravity sensor; Inclinometer; Pedometer; Rotation sensor;        Speedometer; Rotational vector sensor; Orientation sensor; Radar        sensors    -   Imaging/Video sensors: Digital camera; 3D camera; Optical        sensor; Infrared sensor; Ultrasound sensor; Lidar sensor    -   Proximity sensors: Proximity sensor; Touch sensor; RFID; Tactile        sensor; NFC    -   Acoustic sensors: Microphone; Silicon microphones; Acoustic wave        devices; Surface acoustic wave,    -   Sonar Medical/Biometric sensors: EEG; ECG; EMG; EOG; EDA;        Photoplethysmogram; Blood pressure and arterial tonometry;        Respiration; Dosage control/detection; Stress sensors; Heart        rate sensors; electrooculography (EOG); electrodermal activity        sensors; ECOG sensors; vascular implant sensors; Retinal implant        sensors; Corneal implant sensors; Wearable optical sensors such        as contact lenses, glasses or visors; In-ear acoustical sensors;        Cochlear implant sensors    -   Chemical sensors: Oxygen saturation; Aroma sensors; Metal-oxide;        Semi conductive polymers; Conductive electro active polymers;        Electrochemical gas sensors; Actinometer    -   Optical sensors: Photoplethysmography sensors; Fiber optic        sensors; Infrared sensors; Radio Frequency (RF) sensors;        Ultraviolet sensors    -   Force sensors: Force sensitive resistor; Mass sensors:        Fingerprint sensors; Air pressure sensors    -   Photoelectric sensors: Oximeter

Any of the sensors above may be part of the system, or external to thesystem. If external to the system, the system may have wired or wirelessconnection to the external sensors. If wireless, this connection may bedirectly via a dedicated wireless network connection, or via an open orsemi-secure wireless network.

The BCI may utilize AI for pattern-recognition and personalization.Traditional BCI+AI solutions are limited to fixed locations, expensiveequipment, and ultra-high-speed continuous Internet connections.

The BCI may utilize an “Offline-First” design approach. TheOffline-First techniques optimize and personalize the BCI performanceeven when offline.

When online, Machine Learning (ML) training is applied to create anindividualized Recognizer-Categorizer (RC). Derived outputs of the MLtraining are stored into an Expert system (ES) knowledgebase in thecloud.

The ML & ES are not used in a conventional real-time system. TheSynthesized Insights (SIs) derived from the ML & ES are used in a novelway to generate individualized executable Recognizer-Categorizers thatmay be automatically loaded into the BCI device (e.g., storage of theprinted circuit board) for offline usage.

The present disclosure is directed to methods including AI utilized inthe cloud to enhance resource constrained IoT. The apparatuses in thedisclosure include wearable and implantable devices that runindividualized code locally generated by AI where a continuous,ultra-broadband streaming connection to the cloud is not reliable.

This disclosure provides solutions to adding AI to mobile device thatcannot support AI locally or in a mobile context. In addition toprocessing brainwave data utilizing AI, the methods and systemsdeveloped for this BCI+AI may also be generally applicable to awide-range of resource-constrained IoT, wearable and implantabledevices.

In embodiments of a BCI headset, several AI techniques may be utilized.ML may be utilized as an auto-tuning dynamic noise reducer, a featureextractor, and a Recognizer-Categorizer. It is also a pipeline oftraining data input into the ES knowledgebase. The ES evaluatesrecognized brainwave patterns that are leveraged into the offline RCs.The ES has the knowledge to create personalized and AI optimized RCsthat may operate locally on Resource Constrained Devices (RCDs). An RCDmay be a device that has limited processing and storage capabilities,and that often runs on batteries. This may offer a superior robustnessand functionality for BCI that conventional techniques would not.Offline ML training feedback is incorporated by storing EEG EPOCs ofsuccessful recognition matches for re-integration into training setssynchronized upon the next online session.

The BCI headset may be a battery-powered, wireless, consumer-gradebio-signal sensing device comprising a two-sensor, three-contact point(2 sensors, ground-reference), a processor, and BLE (Bluetooth LowEnergy) connectivity, specifically designed for the detection andprocessing of SSVEP brain signals to act as a BCI by monitoring cranialpoints (O₁-O₂).

The present disclosure is directed to a brain computer interface in aheadset that may correlate the printed circuit board (PCB) with brainwaves and other bio-signal sources that are being processed. The PCB mayutilize a microcontroller that includes a Bluetooth low energy module, amicroprocessor, and a USB bridge. Further, in an embodiment, the EEGAnalog-to-Digital processor includes an analog front end that receiveschannels using Texas Instruments ADS1299, which sends out signalsthrough a serial peripheral interface (SPI) buffer to a microprocessor.The brain waves may be recorded using a micro SD. Additionally, the usermay download music, sounds, or any haptic sequences, into the micro SD.In an embodiment, the headset may include a motor amplifier OLED module,which may be a 2 line by 180-pixel OLED such as an I2C OLED. From avisual perspective, the OLED module provides a feedback mechanism thatmay allow the user to view and or modify onboard BCI settings.

The haptic Motor Controller may include a built-in microcontroller chipthat includes fundamental haptic vibrations. The user may stack thosevibrations and may also create vibrations based on audio, or setup thehaptic vibrations to make the headset vibrate to the music.

Audio feedback may include various fundamental tones. In an embodiment,the user may Add, Modify, or Manage audio feedback on the brain computerinterface.

Operating Modes

Four modes of operation of the BCI headset may include: Raw, Simmer,Cooked, and human interface device—keyboard (HID-KB).

Raw Mode:

The raw mode may stream the full bio-signal sensor data stream, whichmay include an EEG sensor stream, for further processing locally or inthe cloud via a mobile or desktop internet connected device which mayfilter, recognize, or interact with the data. This mode is useful fortraining an AI and/or cloud-based recognition system.

Simmer Mode:

The simmer mode is a hybrid combination between the Raw and Cookedmodes. The on-board processor may intersperse the raw data stream withcustom (Cooked) messages. This mode is most useful when training an AIand/or cloud-based recognition system and comparing it to the localrecognizer and diagnoses.

Cooked Mode:

The cooked mode is a fully processed custom message that may begenerated by the local recognizer and diagnoses. No Raw data is passed.This reduces the bandwidth needed for operation.

HID-KB Mode:

The HID-KB mode configures the headset interface to appear to be astandard Bluetooth keyboard. This allows the headset to work with manyapplications including but not limited to desktop computer, mobiledevices and home appliances and media and entertainment equipment. Oneadvantage of HID-KB mode is to allow SSVEP to be used with the operatingsystem accessibility features. It also may allow the headset theuniversal access to be utilized with many computers and operatingsystems that can utilize a Bluetooth keyboard. In an embodiment, theprinted circuit board can emulate a Bluetooth keyboard and output to amobile device, a computer, a car windshield, a plane windshield, amotorcycle visor, a motorcycle helmet, virtual reality glasses, mixedreality glasses, or the augmented reality glasses at least one of: aletter; a character; a number, and combinations thereof.

Device Construction

The two main sensors may be moved to the center or front of the user'shead, the headset may efficiently detect and track various brain waves,such as beta waves or theta waves. The headset's implementation is notlimited to two sensors but has the ability to have up to eight sensors,a ground, and a reference.

The headset and printed circuit board are sensitive to visually evokedpotentials, audio evoked potentials, and motion evoked potentials. Theyare also sensitive to steady state visually evoked potentials in the ARheadset, which includes a blinking light.

In one embodiment of the printed circuit board, the printed circuitboard is limited in functionality to visually evoked potentials, whichallows for even faster processing entirely on the printed circuit board,and without the use of the cloud or an external computer.

In another embodiment of the printed circuit board, the printed circuitboard is limited in functionality to audio evoked potentials, whichallows for even faster processing entirely on the printed circuit board,and without the use of the cloud or an external computer.

In another embodiment of the printed circuit board, the printed circuitboard is limited in functionality to haptic evoked potentials, whichallows for even faster processing entirely on the printed circuit board,and without the use of the cloud or an external computer.

The printed circuit board may be preconfigured to map certain inputsfrom EEG (Electroencephalography), ECG (Electrocardiography), EMG(Electromyography), EOG (ElectroOculography), functional near-infraredspectroscopy (fNIRS), ECG, EEG, or other bio-signals, to particulartypes of feedback. The printed circuit board is configurable in terms ofsound, music, words, visuals that are projected, and haptic files. Theprinted circuit board also has defaults of sound files, haptic files,certain algorithms for feature extraction, and pattern matching.

For example, the headset can be preconfigured to output the letter “A”when the printed circuit board reads the signal 10 hertz. Similarly, allalphabet, numbers, words, music and haptic vibrations may be mapped toan audio, visual or haptic input.

Furthermore, such pre-configurations can be customized to each user,such that there may exist customized vibration files, sound files, ordifferent algorithms that are specific to a customer or user. Thesepre-configurations may be implemented wirelessly from an application, sothe user does not have to plug into the USB of the printed circuitboard.

For example, given three frequencies, 7, 11, and 19 hertz, accessibilitycontrols may be set to move to previous item, next item, or select itemrespectively. For example, if the printed circuit board reads the signal7 hertz, then the “previous item” control may pop up on the AR headset.

In an embodiment, each user may have a dedicated ‘private cloud’ withall of their own data, personalized files and preferences, allowing theBCI to synchronize with the server when it connects to the internet.

In an embodiment, Over the Air downloads or firmware updates may bepushed to the BCI. The updates may be event-based changes or full systemupdates.

The connection used to attach the printed circuit board to the augmentedreality glasses may be severed, thus enabling the printed circuit boardto be connected to another pair of augmented reality glasses whilemaintaining all the functionality of the printed circuit board. Theheadset is capable of functioning with different augmented realityglasses, such as Microsoft Hololens™, Magic Leap™, and other productsthat can provide augmented reality through a visual display for a humanbeing.

In an embodiment, a system of a brain computer interface in a headsetincludes: an augmented reality display; one or more sensors for readinga bio-signal from a user; a processing module, including a processorthat analyzes the bio-signal and maps the bio-signal into an output fora digital interaction device, wherein the digital interaction deviceincludes at least one of the augmented reality display, a digitalinteraction device in close proximity to the user, a remotely locateddigital interaction device, and combinations thereof; at least onebiofeedback device in communication with the processing module, whereinthe at least one biofeedback device is configured to provide feedback toat least one of the user, the digital interaction device, andcombinations thereof; and a battery, wherein the battery provides powerto at least one of the augmented reality display, the one or moresensors, the processing module, the at least one biofeedback device, andcombinations thereof.

In an embodiment, a method of implementing a brain computer interface(BCI) in a headset includes utilizing an augmented reality display;utilizing one or more sensors for reading a bio-signal from a user;utilizing a processing module, including a processor that analyzes thebio-signal and maps the bio-signal into an output for a digitalinteraction device, wherein the digital interaction device includes atleast one of the augmented reality display, a digital interaction devicein close proximity to the user, a remotely located digital interactiondevice, and combinations thereof; utilizing at least one biofeedbackdevice in communication with the processing module, wherein the at leastone biofeedback device is configured to provide feedback to at least oneof the user, the digital interaction device, and combinations thereof;and utilizing a battery, wherein the battery provides power to at leastone of the augmented reality display, the one or more sensors, theprocessing module, the at least one biofeedback device, and combinationsthereof.

The headset addresses the difficult commercial problem of resourceconstraints in BCI headsets, while improving functionality overconventional designs. The headset may also liberate users with fullmobility, which makes it possible for researchers to perform truelongitudinal studies in the field, as well as end users greater freedomto explore and interact with their environment.

The bio-signals are processed and analyzed in real-time. By doing moreprocessing on the printed circuit board, costs are reduced byeliminating additional electronic equipment and reducing the amount ofcostly time and effort to setup and use it, thereby enabling morefrequent use.

Furthermore, the latency of feedback responses is reduced through theaugmented reality, haptic, and/or audio systems.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of aheadset 100 that comprises a PCB 102, a strap 104, a display 106, acontoured sleeve 108, and a visual display source 110. The display 106and visual display source 110 may be any AR headset, and is not limitedthereto. The PCB 102 is curved in shape to contour around the back of ahuman head. The contoured sleeve 108 secures the PCB 102 and other itemssuch as batteries. The strap 104 may circumvent the PCB 102 and aroundthe back of the human head and maintain the headset 100 in contact withthe back of the human head. In some embodiments, the strap 104 traversesthe contoured sleeve 108; however, the strap 104 may also traverse theoutside rear surface of the contoured sleeve 108 or may be manufacturedas a part of the contoured sleeve 108. The strap 104 may couple the PCB102 electrically and physically to the display 106 and the visualdisplay source 110. The PCB 102 may output a video signal to a userthrough the visual display source 110 and display 106. In someembodiments, the display 106 provides augmented reality images. Theheadset 100 is an exemplary example of a headset useful for the systemsand methods of this disclosure, and is not limited to the componentsshown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.

In FIG. 2, the disassembled BCI headset 200 comprises a PCB 102, a strap104, a display 106, a contoured sleeve 108, a visual display source 110,and a pad 202. The pad 202 may be located on the visual display source110 and provides a cushion between a user's forehead and the portion ofthe visual display source 110 in contact with the user's forehead. Thedisassembled BCI headset 200 is an exemplary example of a headset usefulfor the systems and methods of this disclosure, and is not limited tothe components shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 shows a front oblique view of headset 300 comprising a contouredsleeve 306, a cover 302, a led 308, and a PCB 304. The contoured sleeve306 may include a PCB 304. The first area of the PCB 304 may include ananalog front end and allows the headset 300 to read EEG(Electroencephalography), ECG (Electrocardiography), EMG(Electromyography), or other bio-signals. The cover 302 provides accessto the PCB through the contoured sleeve 306.

In an embodiment, there is a hole (led 308) in the contoured sleeve 306that allows a multicolor LED light to be piped out and visibleexternally to provide a user with color coded status indications such aspower on/off, flickering, if there is data/activity, color coded fordifferent modes, etc. The led 308 may be in the center of the contouredsleeve 306 but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, this functionallighting indicator may be a single led light, multiple led lights,animated lights, etc. The light indicator functionality may bepersonalized for the individual user.

Referring to FIG. 4, a portion of a headset 400 comprises a contouredsleeve 410, a sensor 402, a sensor 406, a sensor 408, additional sensors404, a PCB 412, a slit 414, and a clasp 416. The contoured sleeve 410may include three sunburst-type shapes on the portion of the headsetthat are formed to contact the human's head, the shapes representingsensor 402, sensor 406 and sensor 408. The shapes representing thesensors may be any shape. In an embodiment, the shape is recessed intothe contoured sleeve 410. The recessed area enables the sensors to bemore comfortable and stable. In some embodiments, the sensors may beadjusted up, down, left, or right. The sensor 402, sensor 406 and sensor408 detect brain signals, and apply them to the PCB 412, where the PCB412 processes brain signals. There are 4 additional sensors 404. Theseadditional sensors may also sense brain signals and apply them to thePCB 412 for further processing.

In another embodiment of the headset 400, the headset has fouradditional sensors 404, instead of seven total sensors.

Different embodiments of the PCB 412 may utilize cables between breakpoints in the printed circuit board, such that the layout of sensors canbe six 1×1s or three 2×1 s, or three 1×2s.

The contoured sleeve 410 may include a slit 414 between the rear surfaceand the bottom surface. The slit 414 may be opened by releasing theclasp 416 and spreading apart the bottom and rear of the contouredsleeve 410. This slit 414 may serve to allow exchangeability ofdifferent kinds of head straps.

Referring to FIG. 5, a cross section of headset 500 according to anembodiment includes a contoured sleeve 502, a third area 506 of theprinted circuit board, and a sensor 504 attached to the contoured sleeve502 of the headset. Although three areas are shown, the printed circuitboard may be a single flexible board where the positioning of thecomponents on the board is not critical.

The third area 506 provides haptic feedback. The bio-signals may beprocessed and analyzed in real-time. The bio-signals are processedlocally in the headset 400 and therefore are not streamed online or inthe cloud. This is referred to as localization.

Referring to FIG. 6, a cross section of headset 600 according to oneembodiment includes a contoured sleeve 610, a first area 608, a secondarea 602, a third area 606, and a sensor 604. The top of the contouredsleeve 610 has been removed to show the embedded printed circuit boardin the headset. A sensor 604 is attached to the third area 606 of theprinted circuit board. The cross section of headset 600 also shows thefirst area 608 and the second area 602 of the printed circuit board. Inan embodiment, there is a channel 612 area where an AR headset strap maypass through the inside of the BCI. The channel 612 may be present fromone side of the BCI to the other (near the third area 606). In anembodiment, there is a hole on either side of the BCI where both ends ofthe AR headset strap may come through.

Referring to FIG. 7, a cross section view of headset 700 comprises acontoured sleeve 702, a first area 706, a second area 704, a third area714, a battery 710, a sensor 708, and a sensor 712. The battery 710 maybe a LiPo, LiOn, etc., battery and may be a custom shape/designedbattery.

The cross-section view of headset 600 with the bottom of the caseremoved shows a PCB inside of contoured sleeve 702 and demonstrates howthe PCB is embedded into the headset. The first area 706, the secondarea 704 and the third area 714 are shown on the PCB. A battery 710 islocated in the bottom portion of the headset. There is a sensor 708 anda sensor 712 attached to the battery 710. The headset 600 may also havea status led 716.

Referring to FIG. 8, a method 800 includes the steps involved toimplement a brain computer interface in a headset. The steps includereading a bio-signal using the first area of the PCB as an analog frontend (block 802), processing the captured bio-signal (block 804),analyzing the bio-signal (block 806), mapping the bio-signal intocommand(s) (block 808), executing the command(s) (block 810), andrecording the command(s) for future use (block 812).

The method 800 may be a closed loop method for reading brainwaves viathe BCI and writing to the brain via biofeedback through the user'ssomatosensory system (sight, sound, vibrations/haptics). In anembodiment, the closed loop system reads the visual cortex via theoccipital lobe (visual) and writes to the somatosensory cortex (senses).

In an embodiment, the processor analyzes the bio-signal and maps thebio-signal into an output for a digital interaction device. The digitalinteraction device may include at least one of the augmented realitydisplay, a digital interaction device in close proximity to the user, aremotely located digital interaction device, and combinations thereof.Digital interaction devices in close proximity to the user may include asmart phone, a tablet, a computer, etc. Remotely located digitalinteraction devices may include remotely located computers, tablets,smart phones, monitors, etc.

In an embodiment, the commend is at least one of the following: donothing; log the data for later use; play an audio file; manipulate avisual element; play a vibration pattern; send a message or command toanother device; remotely control a prosthetic limb; turn on/off thelights; change a tv channel, and combinations thereof.

In an embodiment, the commands may be recorded for future use andimproved machine learning performance as well as human neuralperformance/recall as reinforcement learning.

In an embodiment, the bio-signal that the PCB can read includes at leastone of EEG (Electroencephalography), ECG (Electrocardiography), EMG(Electromyography), EOG (Electroocculography), visually evokedpotentials, steady state visually evoked potentials, steady state audioevoked potentials, and motion evoked potentials.

Referring to FIG. 9, a device 900 comprises a printed circuit board 902,a first area 904, a second area 906, a third area 908, an analog frontend 910, processing, analyzing and mapping 912 logic, a biofeedback 914,a sensor header 916, an EEG analog to digital 918, a haptic controller920, an audio driver/amplifier 922, an OLED 924, a micro sd card 926, aUSB/TTL bridge 928, a Bluetooth low energy module 930, a microprocessor932, and power management module 934.

The printed circuit board 902 comprises three areas, the first area 904(analog front end 910), the second area 906 (processing, analyzing andmapping 912) and the third area 908 (biofeedback 914).

The first area 904 is the analog front end 910 that includes sensorheader 916, EEG analog to digital 918 converter and the like. The firstarea of the printed circuit board receives the bio-signal and convertsit to a digital signal. The second area 906 includes Bluetooth lowenergy module 930, OLED 924, micro sd card 926, microprocessor 932,power management module 934, and the like. The second area of theprinted circuit board processes and analyzes the bio-signal using themicroprocessor 932 and maps the bio-signal into an output on theaugmented reality glasses. The output may include audio and visualoutput or a haptic output. The power management module may control powerto the various components and modules, including the Bluetooth lowenergy module 930. The third area 908 provides a biofeedback 914 using aUSB/TTL bridge 928, an audio driver/amplifier 922, or a hapticcontroller 920.

FIG. 10 illustrates a BCI+AR system 1000 in accordance with oneembodiment of the disclosure. A sensor 1002 receives signals from a user1006. These signals trigger an event in the operating system 1004. Thesignals are then mapped to an output using the hardware 1008. The outputmay include audio and video or may be a haptic output including hapticvibration patterns.

FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a BCI+AR environment 1100. TheBCI+AR environment 1100 comprises a sensor 1104, an EEG analog todigital converter 1106, an Audio/Video/Haptic Output 1108, a processing1110, a strap 1114, an augmented reality glasses 1112, a human user1102, and a BCI 1116. A human user 1102 is wearing BCI 1116, which ispart of a headset. When the human user 1102 interacts with theenvironment, the sensor 1104, located within the BCI 1116, reads theintentions and triggers the operating system. The EEG analog to digitalconverter 1106 receives the sensor 1104 output (e.g., intention). EEGanalog to digital converter 1106 transforms the sensor output into adigital signal which is sent to processing 1110. The signal is thenprocessed, analyzed and mapped to an Audio/Video/Haptic Output 1108 anddisplayed on the augmented reality glasses 1112.

In an embodiment, strap 1114 is a head strap for securing the AR+BCI tothe human head. In some embodiments, such as an implantable BCI, and ARsystem, the strap may not be used. The strapless system may use smartglasses or contact lenses. There may be multiple sensors, but no lessthan one sensor, in different embodiments. After seeing the output, theuser may have different bio-signals from the brain, and as such this isa closed-loop biofeedback system. As the user focuses more on the SSVEPstimuli, the audio may feedback by frequency, power (volume), andselected cue audio to assist the human in reinforcing their focus on thestimuli. This may also occur with the vibration type and intensity ofthe haptics, as well additional peripheral visual cues in the display.These feedbacks are independent to the audio and haptics that may playback through the AR headset via a smartphone. It is even possible toremotely add to the sensory mix that of olfactory (smell) feedback thatactually travels through entirely different parts of the brain that hasbeen shown to be one of the strongest bio-feedback reinforcements inhuman cognitive training.

As a non-limiting example, when someone uses the BCI for the first time,they are considered a “Naïve” user, or one who's brain has never beentrained with this kind of user interface. As a user continues to use it,their brain becomes less naïve and more capable and trained. They maybecome quicker and quicker at doing it. This is reinforcement learningthe BCI enables someone to align their intention and attention to anobject and click it.

In an embodiment, to enrich the user interface experience, multiplefeedback modalities (auditory, visual, haptic, and olfactory) may beavailable for choosing the most advantageous feedback modality for theindividual or for the type of training. For example, when an appropriatebrain wave frequency is generated by the user, real-time feedback aboutthe strength of this signal may be represented by adjusting theintensity and frequency of the audio or haptic feedback. In addition,the possibility of using multimodal feedback means that multiple sensorybrain regions are stimulated simultaneously, which enhances the neuralsignal and representation of feedback, thereby accelerating learning andneural plasticity.

An advantage of using odors as reinforcers may be due to the direct linkbetween the brain areas that sense smell (olfactory cortex) and thosethat form memories (hippocampus) and produce emotions (amygdala). Odorsmay strengthen memory encoding, consolidation, and trigger recall.

FIG. 12 illustrates components of an exemplary augmented reality devicelogic 1200. The augmented reality device logic 1200 comprises a graphicsengine 1220, a camera 1222, processing units 1202, including one or moreCPU 1204 and/or GPU 1206, a WiFi 1208 wireless interface, a Bluetooth1210 wireless interface, speakers 1212, microphones 1214, one or morememory 1216, logic 1218, a visual display 1224, and vibration/hapticdriver 1226.

The processing units 1202 may in some cases comprise programmabledevices such as bespoke processing units optimized for a particularfunction, such as AR related functions. The augmented reality devicelogic 1200 may comprise other components that are not shown, such asdedicated depth sensors, additional interfaces, etc.

Some or all of the components in FIG. 12 may be housed in an AR headset.In some embodiments, some of these components may be housed in aseparate housing connected or in wireless communication with thecomponents of the AR headset. For example, a separate housing for somecomponents may be designed to be worn or a belt or to fit in thewearer's pocket, or one or more of the components may be housed in aseparate computer device (smartphone, tablet, laptop or desktop computeretc.) which communicates wirelessly with the display and cameraapparatus in the AR headset, whereby the headset and separate deviceconstitute the full augmented reality device logic 1200. A user may alsocommunicate with the AR headset via a Bluetooth keyboard 1230.Additionally, the AR headset may communicate with the cloud 1228 viaWiFi 1208.

The memory 1216 comprises logic 1218 to be applied to the processingunits 1202 to execute. In some cases, different parts of the logic 1218may be executed by different components of the processing units 1202.The logic 1218 typically comprises code of an operating system, as wellas code of one or more applications configured to run on the operatingsystem to carry out aspects of the processes disclosed herein.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of nonverbal multi-input and feedback device1300 of a nonverbal multi-input and feedback device such as herein. Itmay be a block diagram of a portion of the device such as a processingportion of the device. FIG. 13 may be a high-level system architectureblock diagram that helps explain that the major building blocks. Blockdiagram of nonverbal multi-input and feedback device 1300 can be appliedto the overall system (e.g., multiple devices used as inputs), into acommon universal application interface that enables the application 1302to synchronize data coming from multiple devices and process signalswith meta data, plus vocabulary and output logic to a plurality ofoutput methods. FIG. 14 takes this to a finer level of detail.

In the center of block diagram of nonverbal multi-input and feedbackdevice 1300 is the application 1302 or main processing block. To theleft is the multimodal input and intent detection 1304 block whichreceives and processes user inputs from sensors (e.g., based on userinput received by the sensors) such as touch 1312; bio-signals 1314;keyboard 1316; facial tracking 1318; eye and pupil tracking 1320; andalternative inputs 1322. This multimodal input and intent detection 1304block feeds the processing from these inputs to the application 1302.

Above is a context awareness 1306 block which receives and processesmetadata inputs from sensors such as biometrics 1324; environment 1326;object recognition 1328; facial recognition 1330; voice recognition1332; date and time 1334; history 1336; location 1338; proximity 1340;and other metadata 1342 inputs. This context awareness 1306 block feedsthe processing from these inputs to the application 1302.

To the right is an output and action 1310 block which sends outputs todisplays, computing devices, controllers, speakers and networkcommunication devices such as flat screen flat screen display 1344;augmented/virtual reality 1346; virtual AI assistant 1348; synthesizedvoice 1350; prosthetic device 1352; social media and messaging 1354;media consumption 1356; and other output 1358. The outputs may includecontrol commands and communication sent to other computing devices. theymay include text, graphics, emoji, and/or audio. Other output 1358 mayinclude Robots, Drones, Swarms and other semi-autonomous systems;Mobility Systems & Vehicle controls such as wheelchairs, automobiles andaircraft; and Environmental connected systems such as smart buildings,spacecraft or submersibles.

Below is a vocabulary 1308 block that provides a lexicon or vocabularyin the selected language to the application. FIG. 13 may also be appliedto a single sensory device unto itself. This may be a “BIG IDEA” in sofar as the architecture can scale from a single closed-loop system (suchas in FIGS. 13-17, plus 19) as well as combinations of sensory I/Odevices (FIGS. 12, 18, 20). It may be a system of systems that scale up,down and play together.

The system in block diagram of nonverbal multi-input and feedback device1300 comprises one (or more) sensory input, one intent detection API,one application, one (or more) meta data, one (or more) vocabulary, one(or more) output and action method, and one (or more) output/actuationsystem or device. It may be thought of as a universal “augmentedintelligence” engine that takes inputs, enriches them with extrameaning, and directs the output based on instructions for the enrichedinformation. The storyboard in FIG. 16 illustrates the power of this.

In a simple embodiment of diagram 1010, a user sees a symbol or buttonthat means “help”, and presses it, and the device says “help”. In a morecomplicated embodiment of block diagram of nonverbal multi-input andfeedback device 1300, a user sees a symbol or button that means “help”,and press it. Here, rather than the device saying “help”, it learns thatthe user is connected to a caregiver with logic to send urgent mattersto that person via text or instant message when away from home. Thedevice may geolocation data that indicates the user is away from home;tag the communication with appended contextual information; and itsoutput and action logic tell the system to send a text message to thecaregiver with the user's location in a human-understandablegrammatically correct phrase “Help, I'm in Oak Park” including theuser's Sender ID/Profile and coordinates pinned on a map.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a single framework of a nonverbalmulti-input and feedback device 1400 such as herein. The block diagramof a single framework of a nonverbal multi-input and feedback device1400 may be of a single framework for translating diverse sensor inputsinto a variety of understandable communication and command outputs for anonverbal multi-input and feedback device such as herein. The singleframework of a nonverbal multi-input and feedback device comprisessensors 1402 a-1402 f, input gestures 1404, context awareness 1406,machine learning 1408, output expressions 1410, and destinations 1412.Input gestures 1404 may include touch 1414, movement 1416, mental 1418,glances 1420, audible 1422, and breath 1424. Context awareness 1406 mayinclude time synchronization 1426, configure data sources 1428,configure data processing parameters 1430, configure timing 1432, andmetadata tagging 1434. Machine learning 1408 may include an acquireanalog data streams 1436, convert to digital data streams 1438, analyzedata streams 1440, and execute digital operations for actuation 1442.Output expressions 1410 may include text 1444, symbol 1446, color 1448,an image 1450, sound 1452, and vibration 1454. Destinations 1412 mayinclude a mobile 1456, a wearable 1 1458, a wearable 2 1460, an implant1 1462, an implant 2 1464, and a prosthetic 1 1466.

FIG. 14 may describe in more detail what kind of processing is happeningwithin and across the blocks of FIG. 13. Specifically, the leftintention signals being combined with context awareness metadata toenrich the data in order to determine the logic of the output andaction. FIG. 14 may include the description of the Vocabulary 1308 andapplication 1302 boxes of FIG. 13, though not shown. It may be a blockdiagram of a portion of the device such as a processing portion of thedevice. In the framework, input from the sensors 1402 a-1402 f (e.g.,due to input received by the sensors) are received by or as an inputgesture 1404. In the framework, context awareness 1406 awareness is usedto interpret or determine the user gesture or intent from the inputsreceived. In the framework machine learning 1408 is used to interpret ordetermine the user gesture or intent from the inputs received. In theframework, output expression 1410 is used to determine the outputs, suchas control commands and communication sent to other computing devicesthat include text, graphics, emoji, and/or audio. In the framework,destination 1412 is used to determine where the outputs are sent, suchas to what other computing devices the command and/or communications areto be sent (such as by the network). The user's Primary and Secondarylanguage preferences are accessed during the processing of intentiondata which is stored in the vocabulary 1308 subsystem such as shown inFIG. 13, and may be accessed in the context awareness 1406, machinelearning 1408 and output and action 1310 systems and methods in FIG. 13and FIG. 14.

FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of nonverbal multi-input andfeedback device 1500 in one embodiment. The block diagram of nonverbalmulti-input and feedback device 1500 shows a system comprising analoginput 1502, sensors 1504, processing 1506, digital output 1508, andoutput methods 1510 that may be performed with the digital output 1508.

The system illustrated may include an application programming interface(API) that is interoperable with multiple types of analog input 1502from the sensors 1504. The system illustrated may also comprise areal-time clock for tracking, synchronizing, and metadata 1520 taggingof data streams and analog inputs 1502. The system further comprises asubsystem for data storage and management, for historical data 1512 insome embodiments. The system may comprise a subsystem forpersonalization settings 1518, as well as a subsystem for sourcing andintegrating metadata 1520 into the application 1522 and data stream. Thesystem may further comprise a software application 1522. In someembodiments, the system may include a GUI for the software applicationfor the user. In other embodiments, the system may include a GUI for thesoftware application for others who are connected to a system user.

A subsystem of the system may include processing for visual 1526,audible 1528, and written 1530 languages. This language subsystem maydifferentiate between the user's primary and secondary languages 1524.The language subsystem may set the secondary language manually orautomatically. Attributes processed by visual 1526, audible 1528, andwritten 1530 language subsystems may include but not be limited tocolor, image, graphics, audible tones, phonemes, dialects, jargon,semantics, tonality, and written characters.

The system may include a subsystem of digital outputs 1508 and outputmethods 1510, that can be configured either manually or automatically.The variety of output methods 1510 may include a network 1516 interfaceconnection. The system may comprise a subsystem for managing datatransfer over the network 1516.

The system in some embodiments may comprise a historical data 1512subsystem for closed-loop machine learning of the system and subsystemsand the sensory devices being used with the system. In some embodiments,improved models, algorithms and software may be pushed from the learningsystem 1514 to update and be used within the system and subsystems andthe sensory devices being used with the system

In one embodiment, the system and subsystems may operate entirely on asensory device. In one embodiment, the system and subsystems may operatepartially on a sensory device and partially distributed to other devicesor the cloud. In one embodiment, the system and subsystems may operateentirely distributed on other devices or the cloud.

The system of FIG. 15 may be one embodiment of a fully self-containedbrain computer interface (BCI) in a wireless headset, comprising anaugmented reality display as part of the digital output 1508, at leasttwo sensors 1504 for reading a bio-signal from a user as analog input1502, at least one processing 1506 module for the augmented realitydisplay, at least one biofeedback device that produces at least one of avisual, audible, and tactile effect in communication with the processingmodule to provide feedback to the user, a wireless network interfacethat transmits and receives data to and from other devices over theprocessing 1506, wherein the data is at least one of stored, passedthrough, and processed on the fully self-contained BCI, as part of theoutput methods 1510, a battery, wherein the battery provides power toone or more of the augmented reality display, the at least two sensors,the processing module, and the at least one biofeedback device, at leastone of onboard storage or remote storage with enough memory to store,process and retrieve the data, and a printed circuit board, such as theprinted circuit board 902 introduced in FIG. 9.

Bio-signals from the user may comprise at least one of EEG(Electroencephalography), ECG (Electrocardiography), functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), EMG(Electromyography), EOG (Electroocculography), and Time-Domain variants(TD-) of these bio-signal processing methods. Bio-signals may alsocomprise a visually evoked potential, an audio evoked potential, ahaptic evoked potential, and a motion evoked potential, and otherbio-signals from multiple sources attached to other body parts otherthan a user's head.

The at least one processing module for the augmented reality display mayinclude a processor that renders a stimulation effect. This stimulationeffect may be at least one of a timed visual stimulation on theaugmented reality display, a timed audio stimulation, and a hapticstimulation on the fully self-contained BCI configured to evoke ameasurable response in a user's brain. The processing module may includea processor that analyzes and maps the bio-signal into a digitalcommand. This digital command may include least one of instructions fora visual output configured for displaying on the augmented realitydisplay and instructions for triggering a visual effect. The processingmodule may be embodied as the processing units 1202 introduced in FIG.12.

The printed circuit board may include at least one of the at least twosensors, the processing module, the at least one biofeedback device, thebattery, and combinations thereof. The printed circuit board may beconfigured to emulate a Bluetooth keyboard and send output data to atleast one of a mobile device, a computer, and the augmented realitydisplay. The output data may include at least one of a letter, acharacter, a number, and combinations thereof.

Processing performed by the processing module may include the visuallyevoked potential, the audio evoked potential, and the haptic evokedpotential. The bio-signal is processed and analyzed in real-time. Theprocessing module may have different modes, including raw, simmer, andcooked modes, a human interface device-keyboard mode, and combinationsthereof. The system may also have a strapless mode, wherein the fullyself-contained BCI uses smart glasses or smart contact lenses, animplantable brain computer interface, and an AR system.

The raw mode may stream a full EEG sensor stream of data for furtherprocessing locally on device or remotely in a cloud via a mobile ordesktop internet connected device that may filter, recognize, orinteract with the full EEG sensor stream of data. The cooked mode maycomprise a fully processed custom digital command generated by a localrecognizer and classifier. The fully processed custom digital commandmay be sent to a destination system over the network 1516, per the “sendit” output method 1510, and executed on the destination system, with noraw data passed to the user. The recognizer and classifier may beembodied as the recognizer 2024 and classifier 2026 introduced in FIG.20. The simmer mode may be a hybrid combination between the raw mode andthe cooked mode, and the at least one processing module may interspersea raw data stream with cooked metadata 1520 appended to bio-signal data.

Time domain data may be appended to raw data, cooked data, and simmerdata in order for the system to process bio-signal data streams frommultiple bio-signal data sources and ensure all bio-signal data streamsare synchronized. Metadata from other sensors and data sources may beappended to the raw data, the cooked data, and the simmer data in orderfor a classifier to alter the command that is sent to execute on adestination system. This classifier may be embodied as the classifier2026 introduced in FIG. 20. Visual, audible, and tactile sensoryfrequency stimulators may be appended with metadata from other sensors1504 and data sources wherein the visual, audible, and tactile sensoryfrequency stimulators are altered to produce a unique pattern whichincludes metadata that is decodable by the recognizer and classifier.

The fully self-contained BCI may be electrically detached from theaugmented reality display, and may be configured to transfer datawirelessly or via a wired connection to an external augmented realitydisplay. The fully self-contained BCI in the wireless headset may be anaccessory apparatus that is configured to be temporarily mechanicallyintegrated with another wearable device, and configured to transfer datawirelessly or via a wired connection to the other wearable device. Thefully self-contained BCI may in another embodiment be permanentlymechanically integrated with another wearable device and may transferdata wirelessly or via a wired connection to the other wearable device.

A charging port may be connected to a charging bridge, wherein thecharging bridge includes internal circuitry and data managementconnected to the fully self-contained BCI and the augmented realitydisplay. The internal circuitry may include charging circuitry, therebyallowing charging of both the fully self-contained BCI and the augmentedreality display with the charging circuitry. These functions may in someembodiments be carried out by the USB/TTL bridge 928 and powermanagement module 934 introduced in FIG. 9.

The fully self-contained BCI may be configured to generate visual,auditory, or haptic stimulations to a user's visual cortex, a user'sauditory cortex, and a user's somatosensory cortex, thereby resulting indetectable brain wave frequency potentials that are at least one ofstimulated, event-related, and volitionally evoked. The BCI may processthe detectable brain wave frequencies, thereby facilitating mapping ofbio-signals to digital commands. Stimulation effects and digitalcommands may be altered with metadata from other sensors or datasources.

The BCI may synchronize bio-signal processing from multiple sensors witha real-time clock such as the real-time clock 2022 introduced in FIG.20. Digital commands may be associated to a device. The device may beoperated according to the digital commands. The BCI may stimulate theuser's visual cortex, wherein stimulating includes biofeedback to theuser's visual cortex and biofeedback confirmation of the operating ofthe device. The BCI may stimulate the user's somatosensory cortex,wherein stimulating includes the biofeedback confirmation of theoperating of the device. The BCI may stimulate the user's auditorycortex, wherein the stimulating includes biofeedback confirmation of theoperating of the device.

The fully self-contained BCI may be configured to utilize AI machinelearning for pattern recognition, classification, and personalizationthat operates while the fully self-contained BCI is not connected to anetwork 1516. The AI machine learning may be embodied as the machinelearning 1408 introduced in FIG. 14. It may be included in the learningsystem 1514 of this figure. It may also be supported by the machinelearning capture and modeling 1910 and machine learning parameters 1924introduced in FIG. 19. The AI machine learning may act as one or more ofan auto-tuning dynamic noise reducer, a feature extractor, and arecognizer-categorizer-classifier. AI machine learning training may beapplied when the fully self-contained BCI is connected to the network1516 to create an individualized recognizer-categorizer-classifier.Derived outputs of the AI machine learning training may be stored in anexpert system knowledge base in cloud storage or on a mobile computingdevice having at least one of a wireless connection and a wiredconnection to the wireless headset and being at least one of mounted onthe wireless headset and within wireless network range of the wirelessheadset. Synthesized insights derived from the AI machine learning andthe expert system knowledge base may be stored in cloud storage or onthe mobile computing device and may be used to generate anindividualized executable recognizer-categorizer-classifier downloadableonto the at least one processing 1506 module of the fully self-containedBCI or the mobile computing device via at least one of a wirelessconnection and a wired connection between the network and a BCI storagedevice for offline usage without network dependencies. The system may beconfigured to interface with resource constrained devices includingwearable devices, implantable devices, and internet of things (IoT)devices. At least one biofeedback device may be configured to stimulateat least one of a user's central nervous system and peripheral nervoussystem.

FIG. 16 illustrates a logical diagram of one use case of a user wearingan augmented reality headset that includes a display, speakers andvibration haptic motors and an accelerometer/gyroscope and magnetometer.FIG. 16 shows the flow of activity from head motion analog input 1602 ascaptured by a headset with head motion detection sensors 1604, throughhow a user selects options through head motion 1606 and the applicationcreates output based on the user's selected options 1608. On thecondition that system detects the user is away from home 1610, FIG. 16shows that the system may send output to a caregiver via text message1612.

The user may calibrate the headset based on the most comfortable andstable neck and head position which establishes the X/Y/Z position of0/0/0. Based on this central ideal position, the user interface isadjusted to conform to the user's individual range of motion, with anemphasis of reducing the amount of effort and distance needed to move avirtual pointer in augmented reality from the 0/0/0 position to outerlimits of their field of view and range of motion. The system may bepersonalized with various ergonomic settings to offset and enhance theusers ease of use and comfort using the system. A head motion analoginput 1602 may be processed as analog streaming data and acquired by theheadset with head motion detection sensors 1604 in real-time, anddigitally processed, either directly on the sensory device or via aremotely connected subsystem. The system may include embedded softwareon the sensory device that handles the pre-processing of the analogsignal. The system may include embedded software that handles thedigitization and post-processing of the signals. Post-processing mayinclude but not be limited to various models of compression, featureanalysis, classification, metadata tagging, categorization. The systemmay handle preprocessing, digital conversion, and post-processing usinga variety of methods, ranging from statistical to machine learning. Asthe data is digitally post-processed, system settings and metadata maybe referred to determine how certain logic rules in the application areto operate, which may include mapping certain signal features to certainactions. Based on these mappings, the system operates by executingcommands and may include saving data locally on the sensory device oranother storage device, streaming data to other subsystems or networks.

In the case illustrated in FIG. 16, the user is looking at a displaythat may include characters, symbols, pictures, colors, videos, livecamera footage or other visual, oral or interactive content. In thisexample, the user is looking at a set of “radial menus” or collection ofboxes or circles with data in each one that may be a symbol, character,letter, word or entire phrase. The user has been presented a set ofwords that surround a central phrase starter word in the middle like ahub and spoke to choose from based on typical functional communicationwith suggested fringe words and access to predictive keyboard,structured and unstructured language. The user selects options throughhead motion 1606, and may rapidly compose a phrase by selecting the nextdesired word presented in the radial menus, or adding a new wordmanually via another input method. The user traverses the interfaceusing head movement gestures, similar to 3-dimensional swipe movements,to compose communication. The user progressively chooses the next worduntil they're satisfied with the phrase they've composed and candetermine how to actuate the phrase. Algorithms may be used to predictthe next character, word, or phrase, and may rearrange or alter theexpression depending on it's intended output including but not limitedto appending emoji, symbols, colors, sounds or rearranging to correctfor spelling or grammar errors. The user may desire for the phrase to bespoken aloud to a person nearby, thus selecting a “play button” orsimply allowing the sentence to time out to be executed automatically.The application creates output based on the user's selected options1608. If they compose a phrase that is a control command like “turn offthe lights”, they can select a “send button” or may, based on semanticnatural language processing and understanding, automatically send thephrase to a third party virtual assistant system to execute the command,and turn off the lights. The potential use of metadata, in this example,could simply be geolocation data sourced from other systems such as GISor GPS data or WIFI data, or manually personalized geofencing in theapplication personalization settings, where the system would know if theuser is “at home” or “away from home”. On condition that system detectsthe user is away from home 1610, for example, the metadata may play arole in adapting the language being output to reflect the context of theuser. For instance, the system could be configured to speak aloud whenat home but send output to a caregiver via text message 1612 and appendGPS coordinates when away from home. The system may support collectingand processing historical data from the sensory device, system,subsystems, and output actions to improve the performance andpersonalization of the system, subsystems, and sensory devices.

FIG. 17 illustrates a logical diagram of one use case in which userwears an EEG-based brain-computer interface headset 1702 containingelectrodes that are contacting the scalp 1704. FIG. 17 shows thatstreaming analog data can be acquired from the brainwave activity 1706.In this manner, the user may be presented a set of words to choose from1708, compose a phrase, and select what action the system takes usingthe phrase they've composed 1710.

A user wears an EEG-based brain-computer interface headset 1702containing electrodes that are contacting the scalp 1704. The electrodesare connected to an amplifier and analog-to-digital processing pipeline.The sensory device (BCI) acquires streaming electrical current datameasured in microvolts (mV). The more electrodes connected to the scalpand to the BCI, the more streaming analog data can be acquired from thebrainwave activity 1706. The analog streaming data is acquired by theelectrodes, pre-processed through amplification, and digitallyprocessed, either directly on the sensory device or via a remotelyconnected subsystem. The system may include embedded software on thesensory device that handles the pre-processing of the analog signal. Thesystem may include embedded software that handles the digitization andpost-processing of the signals. Post-processing may include but not belimited to various models of compression, feature analysis,classification, metadata tagging, categorization. The system may handlepreprocessing, digital conversion, and post-processing using a varietyof methods, ranging from statistical to machine learning. As the data isdigitally post-processed, system settings and metadata may be referredto determine how certain logic rules in the application are to operate,which may include mapping certain signal features to certain actions.Based on these mappings, the system operates by executing commands andmay include saving data locally on the sensory device or another storagedevice, streaming data to other subsystems or networks.

In the case illustrated in FIG. 17, the user is looking at a displaythat may include characters, symbols, pictures, colors, videos, livecamera footage or other visual, oral or interactive content. In thisexample, the user is looking at a group of concentric circles, arrangedin a radial layout, with characters on each circle. The user has beenpresented a set of words to choose from 1708 based on typical functionalcommunication with suggested fringe words and access to predictivekeyboard and can rapidly compose a phrase by selecting the next desiredword presented in the outer ring of circles, or adding a new wordmanually. The user progressively chooses the next word until they'resatisfied with the phrase they've composed 1710 and can determine how toactuate the phrase. Algorithms may be used to predict the nextcharacter, word, or phrase, and may rearrange or alter the expressiondepending on its intended output including but not limited to appendingemoji, symbols, colors, sounds or rearranging to correct for spelling orgrammar errors. The user may desire for the phrase to be spoken aloud toa person nearby, thus selecting a “play button” or simply allowing thesentence to time out to be executed automatically. If they compose aphrase that is a control command like “turn off the lights”, they canselect a “send button” or may, based on semantic natural languageprocessing and understanding, automatically send the phrase to a thirdparty virtual assistant system to execute the command, and turn off thelights. The potential use of metadata, in this example, could simply begeolocation data sourced from other systems such as GIS or GPS data orWIFI data, or manually personalized geofencing in the applicationpersonalization settings, where the system would know if the user is “athome” or “away from home”. In this case, the metadata may play a role inadapting the language being output to reflect the context of the user.For instance, the system could be configured to speak aloud when at homebut send to a caregiver via text message and append GPS coordinates whenaway from home. The system may support collecting and processinghistorical data from the sensory device, system, subsystems, and outputactions to improve the performance and personalization of the system,subsystems, and sensory devices.

FIG. 18 illustrates a use case in which a user wears an augmentedreality headset combined with a brain computer interface 1802, havingthe capabilities described with respect to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17. Bothhead motion analog input and brainwave activity 1804 may be detected andmay allow a user to select from a set of words to choose from 1806, aswell as what to do with the phrase they've composed 1808 by selectingthose words.

A user is wearing an augmented reality headset combined with a braincomputer interface on their head. The headset contains numerous sensorsas a combined sensory device including motion and orientation sensorsand temporal bioelectric data generated from the brain detected via EEGelectrodes contacting the scalp of the user, specifically in the regionswhere visual, auditory and sensory/touch is processed in the brain. TheAR headset may produce visual, auditory or haptic stimulation that isdetectible via the brain computer interface, and by processing brainwavedata with motion data, the system may provide new kinds of multi-modalcapabilities for a user to control the system. The analog streaming datais acquired by the Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Magnetometer and EEGanalog-to-digital processor, and digitally processed, either directly onthe sensory device or via a remotely connected subsystem. The system mayinclude embedded software on the sensory device that handles thepre-processing of the analog signal. The system may include embeddedsoftware that handles the digitization and post-processing of thesignals. Post-processing may include but not be limited to variousmodels of compression, feature analysis, classification, metadatatagging, categorization. The system may handle preprocessing, digitalconversion, and post-processing using a variety of methods, ranging fromstatistical to machine learning. As the data is digitallypost-processed, system settings and metadata may be referred todetermine how certain logic rules in the application are to operate,which may include mapping certain signal features to certain actions.Based on these mappings, the system operates by executing commands andmay include saving data locally on the sensory device or another storagedevice, streaming data to other subsystems or networks.

In the case illustrated in FIG. 18, the user is looking at a displaythat may include characters, symbols, pictures, colors, videos, livecamera footage or other visual, oral or interactive content. In thisexample, the user is looking at a visual menu system in AR with certainhard to reach elements flickering at different frequencies. The user hasbeen presented a set of items to choose from based on typical functionalcommunication with suggested fringe words and access to predictivekeyboard and can rapidly compose a phrase by selecting the next desiredword presented in the AR head mounted display, or adding a new wordmanually. Enabling the user affordances of extra-sensory reach ofvisible objects out of reach within the comfortable range of motion ofneck movement. The user progressively chooses the next word untilthey're satisfied with the phrase they've composed and can determine howto actuate the phrase. Algorithms may be used to predict the nextcharacter, word, or phrase, and may rearrange or alter the expressiondepending on its intended output including but not limited to appendingemoji, symbols, colors, sounds or rearranging to correct for spelling orgrammar errors. The user may desire for the phrase to be spoken aloud toa person nearby, thus selecting a “play button” or simply allowing thesentence to time out to be executed automatically. If they compose aphrase that is a control command like “turn off the lights”, they canselect a “send button” or may, based on semantic natural languageprocessing and understanding, automatically send the phrase to a thirdparty virtual assistant system to execute the command, and turn off thelights. The potential use of metadata, in this example, could simply begeolocation data sourced from other systems such as GIS or GPS data orWIFI data, or manually personalized geofencing in the applicationpersonalization settings, where the system would know if the user is “athome” or “away from home”. In this case, the metadata may play a role inadapting the language being output to reflect the context of the user.For instance, the system could be configured to speak aloud when at homebut send to a caregiver via text message and append GPS coordinates whenaway from home. The system may support collecting and processinghistorical data from the sensory device, system, subsystems, and outputactions to improve the performance and personalization of the system,subsystems, and sensory devices.

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram 1900 showing a closed loop bio-signal dataflow for a nonverbal multi-input and feedback device such as herein. Itmay be performed by inputs or a computer of the device. The flow diagram1900 comprises a human user 1902, electrode sensors 1904, a braincomputer interface headset and firmware 1906, an augmented realitymobile application 1908, machine learning capture and modeling 1910 thatmay be performed in an edge, peer, or cloud device, and an augmentedreality headset 1912. The electrode sensors 1904 may capture 1914 datathat is sent for analog-to-digital 1916 conversion. The digital signalmay be used for intent detection 1918 resulting in an action trigger1920 to a user interface 1922. The digital data may further be sent toraw data capture 1926, and may be used as training data 1932 fortraining and data analysis 1934. Training and data analysis 1934 mayyield machine learning parameters 1924 which may be fed back for use inintent detection 1918. The user interface 1922 may determine stimulusplacement and timing 1928, which may be used in the augmented realityenvironment 1930 created by the augmented reality mobile application1908. The stimulus placement and timing 1936 resulting in the augmentedreality headset 1912 and may evoke potential stimulus 1938 in the humanuser 1902. The user interface 1922 may also generate an output andaction 1940.

The flow diagram 1900 includes computer stimulates visual, auditory andsomatosensory cortex with evoked potentials; signal processing of realtime streaming brain response; human controls computer based on mentalfixation of stimulation frequencies; and system can determine differentoutput or actions on behalf of the user for input data received via oneor more sensors of the device. Flow diagram 1900 may apply to a userwearing any of the nonverbal multi-input and feedback devices and/orsensors herein. As a result of this being closed-loop biofeedback andsensory communication and control system that stimulates the brainssenses of sight, sound, and touch and reads specific stimulationtime-based frequencies, and tags them with metadata in real-time as theanalog data is digitized, the user can rapidly learn how to navigate andinteract with the system using their brain directly. This method ofreinforcement learning is known in the rapid development process of thebrain's pattern recognition abilities and the creation of neuralplasticity to develop new neural connections based on stimulation andentrainment. This further enables the system to become a dynamic neuralprosthetic extension of their physical and cognitive abilities. Themerging of context awareness metadata, vocabulary, and output and actionlogic into the central application in addition to a universal interfacefor signal acquisition and data processing is what makes this systemextremely special. Essentially, this system helps reduce the timelatency between detecting cognitive intention and achieving theassociated desired outcome, whether that be pushing a button, saying aword or controlling robots, prosthetics, smart home devices or otherdigital systems.

FIG. 20 is a flow diagram 2000 showing multimodal, multi-sensory systemfor communication and control 2002 for a nonverbal multi-input andfeedback device such as herein. It may be performed by inputs or acomputer of the device. The flow diagram 2000 comprises multimodal,multi-sensory systems for communication and control 2002 that includeswireless neck and head tracking 2004 and wireless brain tracking 2006.The multimodal, multi-sensory system for communication and control 2002may further comprise central sensors 2008 for EEG, peripheral sensors2010 such as EMG, EOG, ECG, and others, an analog to digital signalprocessor 2012 processing data from the central sensors 2008, and ananalog to digital signal processor 2014 processing data from theperipheral sensors 2010. The analog to digital subsystem 2016 and sensorservice subsystem 2018 manage output from the analog to digital signalprocessor 2012 and the analog to digital signal processor 2014,respectively. Output from the analog to digital subsystem 2016 may besent to a storage subsystem 2060.

Outputs from the analog to digital subsystem 2016 and sensor servicesubsystem 2018 go to a collector subsystem 2020, which also receives areal-time clock 2022. The collector subsystem 2020 communicates with arecognizer 2024 for EEG data and a classifier 2026 for EMG, EOG, and ECGdata, and data from other sensing. The collector subsystem 2020 furthercommunicates to a wireless streamer 2028 and a serial streamer 2030 tointerface with a miniaturized mobile computing system 2036 and atraditional workstation 2032, respectively. The traditional workstation2032 and miniaturized mobile computing system 2036 may communicated witha cloud 2034 for storage or processing. The miniaturized mobilecomputing system 2036 may assist in wireless muscle tracking 2038 (e.g.,EMG data) and wireless eye pupil tracking 2040.

A controller subsystem 2042 accepts input from a command queue 2044which accepts input from a BT write callback 2050. The BT write callback2050 may send commands 2046 to a serial read 2048. The controllersubsystem 2042 may send output to the controller subsystem 2042 and aperipherals subsystem 2052. The peripherals subsystem 2052 generatesaudio feedback 2054, haptic feedback 2056, and OLED visual feedback 2058for the user.

The flow diagram 2000 includes synchronizing signals from multiplebiosensors including brain, body, eye and movement; processing multiplemodels concurrently for multi-sensory input; and directing andprocessing biofeedback through peripheral subsystems. Flow diagram 2000may apply to a user wearing any of the nonverbal multi-input andfeedback devices and/or sensors herein.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram 2100 showing an example of cloud processingfor a nonverbal multi-input and feedback device such as herein. Theblock diagram 2100 comprises data authentication 2102, a sensory deviceand mobile system 2104, a cloud system 2106, and a database 2122. Thedata authentication 2102 module may be configured to authenticate dataand communicate with the sensory device and mobile system 2104 and cloudsystem 2106. The sensory device and mobile system 2104 may includecompanion application 2108 and data collection, firmware 2110 and datacollection, and data analysis 2112 or raw and processed data. The cloudsystem 2106 may comprise SQS message queuing 2114, server computing 2116to analyze raw and process data, elastic computing 2118 to build, train,and test machine learning models, and object storage 2120 for persistentstorage of biodata, machine learning, and metadata. The database 2122stores associations and metadata and is in communication with the cloudsystem 2106.

Block diagram 2100 has the cloud system, the nonverbal multi-inputdevice and an authorization system. Block diagram 2100 includes: machinelearning processing signal data on device; metadata enrichment; push rawand processed data to cloud; cloud application building new models fordevices; system updates devices remotely and wirelessly; secure andprivacy compliant. This configuration is quite powerful but unassuminglysimple in this block diagram.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram 2200 showing an example of a systemarchitecture for integrated virtual AI assistant and web services 2202for a nonverbal multi-input and feedback device such as herein. Theblock diagram 2200 comprises integrated virtual AI assistant and webservices 2202 which may include an audio input processor 2204, an AIcommunication library 2206, a virtual assistant 2208 such as Alexa, anAI directive sequencer library 2210, a capability agent 2212, and anactive focus manager library 2214. A gesture 2216 from a user may bedetected by a sensor 2218. An application user interface 2220 mayprocess sensor data, and may send data to the audio input processor2204. The capability agent 2212 may send data back to the applicationuser interface 2220. The application user interface 2220 may signal anactuation subsystem 2222 to provide visual feedback 2224, audiblefeedback 2226, and haptic feedback 2228.

The block diagram 2200 includes: system manages intention signalacquisition, processing, language composition, and output; in the eventwhere a user wants to send their intention to a virtual assistant (likeAlexa, Siri). The blocks outside of the dashed border run on the sensorydevice, and currently, the blocks inside the dashed line are running inthe cloud (e.g., represent a custom configuration for how to use theAlexa service in a cloud architecture.) It could also be possible thatall of what's described here as in the cloud could run locally in thesensory device.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram 2300 showing an example of system operationsfor a nonverbal multi-input and feedback device such as herein. Theblock diagram 2300 comprises an AI virtual assistant 2302, such asAlexa, a content management system 2304, cloud data logs 2306,authentication 2308, speech generation 2310, a runtime environment 2312,a serverless cloud 2314, an API gateway 2316, an application 2318, a TTSvoice engine 2320, an email client 2322, account analytics 2324,marketing analytics 2326, application analytics 2328, a vocabulary 2330,user events 2332, a customer relations management 2334, and an app store2336.

Block diagram 2300 includes: system operation blocks includingauthentication. This is an example of the complexity of a systemoperating in the cloud. Everything in this figure is in the cloud,except for the application that is running on the sensory device. Theaugment/virtual reality application 2318 for the nonverbal multi-inputand feedback device may interface with an authentication 2308 module, anAPI gateway 2316, a vocabulary 2330, application analytics 2328, AIvirtual assistant 2302, and marketing analytics 2326. The AI virtualassistant 2302 may communicate back to the application 2318. Theapplication 2318 may also be in direct communication with a serverlesscloud 2314, or may communicate with the serverless cloud 2314 throughthe API gateway 2316. Authentication 2308 may also be in communicationwith the serverless cloud 2314. The API gateway 2316 further allows theapplication 2318 to communicate with the content management system 2304,which may be used to store cloud data logs 2306. The content managementsystem 2304 may send data back to the application 2318 through theauthentication 2308 module, which may act as a gateway to ensuresecurity and content authorization. Finally, the content managementsystem 2304 may provide data to an account analytics 2324 module.Account analytics 2324 may provide data to a user events 2332 module,which may in turn feed data to application analytics 2328.

The serverless cloud 2314 may allow communication with the runtimeenvironment 2312 and the customer relations management 2334 module. Thecustomer relations management 2334 may provide data for marketinganalytics 2326. The runtime environment 2312 may interface with speechgeneration 2310, a TTS voice engine 2320, an email client 2322, andaccount analytics 2324. Speech generation 2310 may allow a user toaccess an app store 2336.

FIG. 24A illustrates an isometric view of a BCI headset system 2400 inaccordance with one embodiment. The BCI headset system 2400 comprises anaugmented reality display lens 2402, a top cover 2404, an adjustablestrap 2406, a padding 2408, a ground/reference electrode 2410, aground/reference electrode adjustment dial 2412, a biosensor electrodes2414, a battery cell 2416, a fit adjustment dial 2418, and a controlpanel cover 2420.

The augmented reality display lens 2402 may be removable from the topcover 2404 as illustrated in FIG. 24C. The augmented reality displaylens 2402 and top cover 2404 may have magnetic portions that facilitateremovably securing the augmented reality display lens 2402 to the topcover 2404. The augmented reality display lens 2402 may in oneembodiment incorporate a frame around the lens material allowing theaugmented reality display lens 2402 to be handled without depositingoils on the lens material.

The adjustable strap 2406 may secure the BCI headset system 2400 to awearer's head. The adjustable strap 2406 may also provide a conduit forconnections between the forward housing 2432 shown in FIG. 24C and thecomponents located along the adjustable strap 2406 and to the rear ofthe BCI headset system 2400. Padding 2408 may be located at the frontand rear of the BCI headset system 2400, as well as along the sides ofthe adjustable strap 2406, as illustrated. A fit adjustment dial 2418 atthe rear of the BCI headset system 2400 may be used to tighten andloosen the fit of the BCI headset system 2400 by allowing adjustment tothe adjustable strap 2406.

A snug fit of the BCI headset system 2400 may facilitate accuratereadings from the ground/reference electrodes 2410 at the sides of theBCI headset system 2400, as illustrated here in FIG. 24A as well as inFIG. 24C. A snug fit may also facilitate accurate readings from thebiosensor electrodes 2414 positioned at the back of the BCI headsetsystem 2400. Further adjustment to these sensors may be made using theground/reference electrode adjustment dials 2412 shown, as well as thebiosensor electrode adjustment dials 2424 illustrated in FIG. 24B.

In addition to the padding 2408, biosensor electrodes 2414, and fitadjustment dial 2418 already described, the rear of the BCI headsetsystem 2400 may incorporate a battery cell 2416, such as a rechargeablelithium battery pack. A control panel cover 2420 may protect additionalfeatures when installed, those features being further discussed withrespect to FIG. 24B.

FIG. 24B illustrates a rear view of a BCI headset system 2400 inaccordance with one embodiment. The control panel cover 2420 introducedin FIG. 24B is not shown in this figure, so that underlying elements maybe illustrated. The BCI headset system 2400 further comprises a controlpanel 2422, a biosensor electrode adjustment dials 2424, an auxiliaryelectrode ports 2426, and a power switch 2428.

With the control panel cover 2420 removed, the wearer may access acontrol panel 2422 at the rear of the BCI headset system 2400. Thecontrol panel 2422 may include biosensor electrode adjustment dials2424, which may be used to calibrate and adjust settings for thebiosensor electrodes 2414 shown in FIG. 24A.

The control panel 2422 may also include auxiliary electrode ports 2426,such that additional electrodes may be connected to the BCI headsetsystem 2400. For example, a set of gloves containing electrodes may beconfigured to interface with the BCI headset system 2400, and readingsfrom the electrodes in the gloves may be sent to the BCI headset system2400 wirelessly, or via a wired connection to the auxiliary electrodeports 2426.

The control panel 2422 may comprise a power switch 2428, allowing thewearer to power the unit on and off while the control panel cover 2420is removed. Replacing the control panel cover 2420 may then protect thebiosensor electrode adjustment dials 2424 and power switch 2428 frombeing accidentally contacted during use. In one embodiment, a power LEDmay be incorporated onto or near the power switch 2428 as an indicatorof the status of unit power, e.g., on, off, battery low, etc.

FIG. 24C illustrates an exploded view of a BCI headset system 2400 inaccordance with one embodiment. The BCI headset system 2400 furthercomprises a USB port 2430 in the rear of the BCI headset system 2400 aswell as a forward housing 2432 which may be capable of holding a smartphone 2434. The USB port 2430 may in one embodiment be a port for adifferent signal and power connection type. The USB port 2430 mayfacilitate charging of the battery cell 2416, and may allow datatransfer through connection to additional devices and electrodes.

The top cover 2404 may be removed from the forward housing 2432 as shownto allow access to the forward housing 2432, in order to seat and unseata smart phone 2434. The smart phone 2434 may act as all or part of theaugmented reality display. In a BCI headset system 2400 incorporating asmart phone 2434 in this manner, the augmented reality display lens 2402may provide a reflective surface such that a wearer is able to see atleast one of the smart phone 2434 display and the wearer's surroundingswithin their field of vision.

The top cover 2404 may incorporate a magnetized portion securing it tothe forward housing 2432, as well as a magnetized lens reception area,such that the augmented reality display lens 2402 may, throughincorporation of a magnetized frame, be secured in the front of the topcover 2404, and the augmented reality display lens 2402 may also beremovable in order to facilitate secure storage or access to the forwardhousing 2432.

FIG. 24D illustrates an exploded view of a BCI headset system 2400 inaccordance with one embodiment. The BCI headset system 2400 furthercomprises a smart phone slot 2436 in the forward housing 2432. When theaugmented reality display lens 2402 and top cover 2404 are removed toexpose the forward housing 2432 as shown, the smart phone slot 2436 maybe accessed to allow a smart phone 2434 (not shown in this figure) to beinserted. In configurations where the BCI is an accessory that is boltedonto another AR/VR/Mix Reality system, the BCI headset system 2400 wouldnot need one or more of the augmented reality display lens 2402, the topcover 2404, and the forward housing 2432.

LISTING OF DRAWING ELEMENTS

-   -   100 headset    -   102 PCB    -   104 strap    -   106 display    -   108 contoured sleeve    -   110 visual display source    -   200 disassembled BCI headset    -   202 pad    -   300 headset    -   302 cover    -   304 PCB    -   306 contoured sleeve    -   308 led    -   400 headset    -   402 sensor    -   404 additional sensors    -   406 sensor    -   408 sensor    -   410 contoured sleeve    -   412 PCB    -   414 slit    -   416 clasp    -   500 cross section of headset    -   502 contoured sleeve    -   504 sensor    -   506 third area    -   600 cross section of headset    -   602 second area    -   604 sensor    -   606 third area    -   608 first area    -   610 contoured sleeve    -   612 channel    -   700 cross section view of headset    -   702 contoured sleeve    -   704 second area    -   706 first area    -   708 sensor    -   710 battery    -   712 sensor    -   714 third area    -   716 led    -   800 method    -   802 block    -   804 block    -   806 block    -   808 block    -   810 block    -   812 block    -   900 device    -   902 printed circuit board    -   904 first area    -   906 second area    -   908 third area    -   910 analog front end    -   912 processing, analyzing and mapping    -   914 biofeedback    -   916 sensor header    -   918 EEG analog to digital    -   920 haptic controller    -   922 audio driver/amplifier    -   924 OLED    -   926 micro sd card    -   928 USB/TTL bridge    -   930 Bluetooth low energy module    -   932 microprocessor    -   934 power management module    -   1000 BCI+AR system    -   1002 sensor    -   1004 operating system    -   1006 user    -   1008 hardware    -   1100 BCI+AR environment    -   1102 human user    -   1104 sensor    -   1106 EEG analog to digital converter    -   1108 Audio/Video/Haptic Output    -   1110 processing    -   1112 augmented reality glasses    -   1114 strap    -   1116 BCI    -   1200 augmented reality device logic    -   1202 processing units    -   1204 CPU    -   1206 GPU    -   1208 WiFi    -   1210 Bluetooth    -   1212 speakers    -   1214 microphones    -   1216 memory    -   1218 logic    -   1220 graphics engine    -   1222 camera    -   1224 visual display    -   1226 vibration/haptic driver    -   1228 cloud    -   1230 Bluetooth keyboard    -   1300 block diagram of nonverbal multi-input and feedback device    -   1302 application    -   1304 multimodal input and intent detection    -   1306 context awareness    -   1308 vocabulary    -   1310 output and action    -   1312 touch    -   1314 bio-signals    -   1316 keyboard    -   1318 facial tracking    -   1320 eye and pupil tracking    -   1322 alternative inputs    -   1324 biometrics    -   1326 environment    -   1328 object recognition    -   1330 facial recognition    -   1332 voice recognition    -   1334 date and time    -   1336 history    -   1338 location    -   1340 proximity    -   1342 other metadata    -   1344 flat screen display    -   1346 augmented/virtual reality    -   1348 virtual AI assistant    -   1350 synthesized voice    -   1352 prosthetic device    -   1354 social media and messaging    -   1356 media consumption    -   1358 other output    -   1400 block diagram of a single framework of a nonverbal        multi-input and feedback    -   device    -   1402 a sensor    -   1402 b sensor    -   1402 c sensor    -   1402 d sensor    -   1402 e sensor    -   1402 f sensor    -   1404 input gesture    -   1406 context awareness    -   1408 machine learning    -   1410 output expression    -   1412 destination    -   1414 touch    -   1416 movement    -   1418 mental    -   1420 glances    -   1422 audible    -   1424 breath    -   1426 time synchronization    -   1428 configure data sources    -   1430 configure data processing parameters    -   1432 configure timing    -   1434 metadata tagging    -   1436 acquire analog data streams    -   1438 convert to digital data streams    -   1440 analyze data streams    -   1442 execute digital operations for actuation    -   1444 text    -   1446 symbol    -   1448 color    -   1450 image    -   1452 sound    -   1454 vibration    -   1456 mobile    -   1458 wearable 1    -   1460 wearable 2    -   1462 implant 1    -   1464 implant 2    -   1466 prosthetic 1    -   1500 block diagram of nonverbal multi-input and feedback device    -   1502 analog input    -   1504 sensors    -   1506 processing    -   1508 digital output    -   1510 output methods    -   1512 historical data    -   1514 learning system    -   1516 network    -   1518 personalization settings    -   1520 metadata    -   1522 application    -   1524 primary and secondary languages    -   1526 visual    -   1528 audible    -   1530 written    -   1602 head motion analog input    -   1604 headset with head motion detection sensors    -   1606 user selects options through head motion    -   1608 application creates output based on the user's selected        options    -   1610 condition that system detects the user is away from home    -   1612 send output to a caregiver via text message    -   1702 user wears an EEG-based brain-computer interface headset    -   1704 electrodes that are contacting the scalp    -   1706 streaming analog data can be acquired from the brainwave        activity    -   1708 set of words to choose from    -   1710 phrase they've composed    -   1802 augmented reality headset combined with a brain computer        interface    -   1804 head motion analog input and brainwave activity    -   1806 set of words to choose from    -   1808 phrase they've composed    -   1900 flow diagram    -   1902 human user    -   1904 electrode sensors    -   1906 brain computer interface headset and firmware    -   1908 augmented reality mobile application    -   1910 machine learning capture and modeling    -   1912 augmented reality headset    -   1914 capture    -   1916 analog-to-digital    -   1918 intent detection    -   1920 action trigger    -   1922 user interface    -   1924 machine learning parameters    -   1926 raw data capture    -   1928 stimulus placement and timing    -   1930 augmented reality environment    -   1932 training data    -   1934 training and data analysis    -   1936 stimulus placement and timing    -   1938 evoke potential stimulus    -   1940 output and action    -   2000 flow diagram    -   2002 multimodal, multi-sensory system for communication and        control    -   2004 wireless neck and head tracking    -   2006 wireless brain tracking    -   2008 central sensors    -   2010 peripheral sensors    -   2012 analog to digital signal processor    -   2014 analog to digital signal processor    -   2016 analog to digital subsystem    -   2018 sensor service subsystem    -   2020 collector subsystem    -   2022 real-time clock    -   2024 recognizer    -   2026 classifier    -   2028 wireless streamer    -   2030 serial streamer    -   2032 traditional workstation    -   2034 cloud    -   2036 miniaturized mobile computing system    -   2038 wireless muscle tracking    -   2040 wireless eye pupil tracking    -   2042 controller subsystem    -   2044 command queue    -   2046 command    -   2048 serial read    -   2050 BT write callback    -   2052 peripherals subsystem    -   2054 audio feedback    -   2056 haptic feedback    -   2058 OLED visual feedback    -   2060 storage subsystem    -   2100 block diagram    -   2102 data authentication    -   2104 sensory device and mobile system    -   2106 cloud system    -   2108 companion application    -   2110 firmware    -   2112 data analysis    -   2114 SQS message queuing    -   2116 server computing    -   2118 elastic computing    -   2120 object storage    -   2122 database    -   2200 block diagram    -   2202 integrated virtual AI assistant and web services    -   2204 audio input processor    -   2206 AI communication library    -   2208 virtual assistant    -   2210 AI directive sequencer library    -   2212 capability agent    -   2214 active focus manager library    -   2216 gesture    -   2218 sensor    -   2220 application user interface    -   2222 actuation subsystem    -   2224 visual feedback    -   2226 audible feedback    -   2228 haptic feedback    -   2300 block diagram    -   2302 AI virtual assistant    -   2304 content management system    -   2306 cloud data logs    -   2308 authentication    -   2310 speech generation    -   2312 runtime environment    -   2314 serverless cloud    -   2316 API gateway    -   2318 application    -   2320 TTS voice engine    -   2322 email client    -   2324 account analytics    -   2326 marketing analytics    -   2328 application analytics    -   2330 vocabulary    -   2332 user events    -   2334 customer relations management    -   2336 app store    -   2400 BCI headset system    -   2402 augmented reality display lens    -   2404 top cover    -   2406 adjustable strap    -   2408 padding    -   2410 ground/reference electrode    -   2412 ground/reference electrode adjustment dial    -   2414 biosensor electrodes    -   2416 battery cell    -   2418 fit adjustment dial    -   2420 control panel cover    -   2422 control panel    -   2424 biosensor electrode adjustment dials    -   2426 auxiliary electrode ports    -   2428 power switch    -   2430 USB port    -   2432 forward housing    -   2434 smart phone    -   2436 smart phone slot

Within this disclosure, different entities (which may variously bereferred to as “units,” “circuits,” other components, etc.) may bedescribed or claimed as “configured” to perform one or more tasks oroperations. This formulation—[entity] configured to [perform one or moretasks]—is used herein to refer to structure (i.e., something physical,such as an electronic circuit). More specifically, this formulation isused to indicate that this structure is arranged to perform the one ormore tasks during operation. A structure can be said to be “configuredto” perform some task even if the structure is not currently beingoperated. A “credit distribution circuit configured to distributecredits to a plurality of processor cores” is intended to cover, forexample, an integrated circuit that has circuitry that performs thisfunction during operation, even if the integrated circuit in question isnot currently being used (e.g., a power supply is not connected to it).Thus, an entity described or recited as “configured to” perform sometask refers to something physical, such as a device, circuit, memorystoring program instructions executable to implement the task, etc. Thisphrase is not used herein to refer to something intangible.

The term “configured to” is not intended to mean “configurable to.” Anunprogrammed FPGA, for example, would not be considered to be“configured to” perform some specific function, although it may be“configurable to” perform that function after programming.

Reciting in the appended claims that a structure is “configured to”perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C.§ 112(f) for that claim element. Accordingly, claims in this applicationthat do not otherwise include the “means for” [performing a function]construct should not be interpreted under 35 U.S.C § 112(f).

As used herein, the term “based on” is used to describe one or morefactors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose thepossibility that additional factors may affect the determination. Thatis, a determination may be solely based on specified factors or based onthe specified factors as well as other, unspecified factors. Considerthe phrase “determine A based on B.” This phrase specifies that B is afactor that is used to determine A or that affects the determination ofA. This phrase does not foreclose that the determination of A may alsobe based on some other factor, such as C. This phrase is also intendedto cover an embodiment in which A is determined based solely on B. Asused herein, the phrase “based on” is synonymous with the phrase “basedat least in part on.”

As used herein, the phrase “in response to” describes one or morefactors that trigger an effect. This phrase does not foreclose thepossibility that additional factors may affect or otherwise trigger theeffect. That is, an effect may be solely in response to those factors,or may be in response to the specified factors as well as other,unspecified factors. Consider the phrase “perform A in response to B.”This phrase specifies that B is a factor that triggers the performanceof A. This phrase does not foreclose that performing A may also be inresponse to some other factor, such as C. This phrase is also intendedto cover an embodiment in which A is performed solely in response to B.

As used herein, the terms “first,” “second,” etc. are used as labels fornouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g.,spatial, temporal, logical, etc.), unless stated otherwise. For example,in a register file having eight registers, the terms “first register”and “second register” can be used to refer to any two of the eightregisters, and not, for example, just logical registers 0 and 1.

When used in the claims, the term “or” is used as an inclusive or andnot as an exclusive or. For example, the phrase “at least one of x, y,or z” means any one of x, y, and z, as well as any combination thereof.

The apparatuses, methods, and systems in this disclosure are describedin the preceding on the basis of several preferred embodiments.Different aspects of different variants are considered to be describedin combination with each other such that all combinations that uponreading by a skilled person in the field on the basis of this documentmay be regarded as being read within the concept of the disclosure. Thepreferred embodiments do not limit the extent of protection of thisdocument.

Having thus described embodiments of the present disclosure of thepresent application in detail and by reference to illustrativeembodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications andvariations are possible without departing from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system of a fully self-contained brain computerinterface (BCI) in a wireless headset, the system comprising: anaugmented reality display; at least two sensors for reading a bio-signalfrom a user, the bio-signal comprising at least one of EEG(Electroencephalography), ECG (Electrocardiography), functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), EMG(Electromyography), EOG (Electroocculography), and Time-Domain variants(TD-) of these bio-signal processing methods, a visually evokedpotential, an audio evoked potential, a haptic evoked potential, and amotion evoked potential, and other bio-signals from multiple sourcesattached to other body parts other than a user's head; at least oneprocessing module for the augmented reality display, including: aprocessor that renders a stimulation effect, wherein the stimulationeffect is at least one of a timed visual stimulation on the augmentedreality display, a timed audio stimulation, and a haptic stimulation onthe fully self-contained BCI configured to evoke a measurable responsein a user's brain; and a processor that analyzes and maps the bio-signalinto a digital command, wherein the digital command includes at leastone of instructions for a visual output configured for displaying on theaugmented reality display and instructions for triggering a visualeffect; at least one biofeedback device that produces at least one of avisual, audible, and tactile effect in communication with the processingmodule, wherein the at least one biofeedback device provides feedback tothe user; a wireless network interface that transmits and receives datato and from other devices, wherein the data is at least one of stored,passed through, and processed on the fully self-contained BCI, abattery, wherein the battery provides power to one or more of theaugmented reality display, the at least two sensors, the processingmodule, and the at least one biofeedback device; at least one of onboardstorage or remote storage with enough memory to store, process andretrieve the data; and a printed circuit board, wherein the printedcircuit board includes at least one of the at least two sensors, theprocessing module, the at least one biofeedback device, the battery, andcombinations thereof, wherein the fully self-contained BCI in thewireless headset is an accessory apparatus that is configured to betemporarily or permanently mechanically integrated with another wearabledevice, the fully self-contained BCI configured to transfer datawirelessly or via a wired connection to the other wearable device. 2.The system of claim 1, wherein visual, audible, and tactile sensoryfrequency stimulators are appended with metadata from other sensors anddata sources wherein the visual, audible, and tactile sensory frequencystimulators are altered to produce a unique pattern which includesmetadata that is decodable by recognizer and classifier.
 3. The systemof claim 1, further comprising a charging port connected to a chargingbridge, wherein the charging bridge includes internal circuitry and datamanagement connected to the fully self-contained BCI and the augmentedreality display, the internal circuitry including a charging circuitrythereby allowing charging of both the fully self-contained BCI and theaugmented reality display with the charging circuitry.
 4. The system ofclaim 1, the fully self-contained BCI configured to: generate at leastone of visual, auditory, or haptic stimulation to a user's visualcortex, a user's auditory cortex, and a user's somatosensory cortex,thereby resulting in detectable evoked potentials that are at least oneof stimulated, event-related, and volitionally evoked; process thedetectable brain wave frequencies, thereby facilitating mapping ofbio-signals to digital commands; alter the stimulation effects withmetadata from other sensors and data sources; alter the digital commandswith the metadata from the other sensors and data sources; synchronizebio-signal processing from multiple sensors with a real-time clock;associate the digital commands to a device; operate the device accordingto the digital commands; and stimulate at least one of: the user'svisual cortex, wherein stimulating includes biofeedback to the user'svisual cortex, wherein the stimulating includes biofeedback confirmationof the operating of the device; the user's somatosensory cortex, whereinthe stimulating includes the biofeedback confirmation of the operatingof the device; and the user's auditory cortex, wherein the stimulatingincludes the biofeedback confirmation of the operating of the device. 5.A system of a fully self-contained brain computer interface (BCI) in awireless headset, the system comprising: an augmented reality display;at least two sensors for reading a bio-signal from a user, thebio-signal comprising at least one of EEG (Electroencephalography), ECG(Electrocardiography), functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS),Magnetoencephalography (MEG), EMG (Electromyography), EOG(Electroocculography), and Time-Domain variants (TD-) of thesebio-signal processing methods, a visually evoked potential, an audioevoked potential, a haptic evoked potential, and a motion evokedpotential, and other bio-signals from multiple sources attached to otherbody parts other than a user's head; at least one processing module forthe augmented reality display, including: a processor that renders astimulation effect, wherein the stimulation effect is at least one of atimed visual stimulation on the augmented reality display, a timed audiostimulation, and a haptic stimulation on the fully self-contained BCIconfigured to evoke a measurable response in a user's brain; and aprocessor that analyzes and maps the bio-signal into a digital command,wherein the digital command includes at least one of instructions for avisual output configured for displaying on the augmented reality displayand instructions for triggering a visual effect; at least onebiofeedback device that produces at least one of a visual, audible, andtactile effect in communication with the processing module, wherein theat least one biofeedback device provides feedback to the user; awireless network interface that transmits and receives data to and fromother devices, wherein the data is at least one of stored, passedthrough, and processed on the fully self-contained BCI, a battery,wherein the battery provides power to one or more of the augmentedreality display, the at least two sensors, the processing module, andthe at least one biofeedback device; at least one of onboard storage orremote storage with enough memory to store, process and retrieve thedata; and a printed circuit board, wherein the printed circuit boardincludes at least one of the at least two sensors, the processingmodule, the at least one biofeedback device, the battery, andcombinations thereof, wherein the fully self-contained BCI is configuredto: utilize machine learning for at least one of pattern recognition,classification and personalization that operates while the fullyself-contained BCI is not connected to a network, the machine learningacting as one or more of an auto-tuning dynamic noise reducer, a featureextractor, and a recognizer-categorizer-classifier; wherein machinelearning training is applied when the fully self-contained BCI isconnected to the network to create an individualizedrecognizer-categorizer-classifier, derived outputs of the machinelearning training being stored in a knowledge base in cloud storage oron a mobile computing device having at least one of a wirelessconnection and a wired connection to the wireless headset and being atleast one of mounted on the wireless headset and within wireless networkrange of the wireless headset; and wherein synthesized insights derivedfrom the machine learning and the knowledge base in cloud storage or onthe mobile computing device are used to generate an individualizedexecutable recognizer-categorizer-classifier downloadable onto the atleast one processing module of the fully self-contained BCI or themobile computing device via at least one of a wireless connection and awired connection between the network and a BCI storage device foroffline usage without network dependencies.
 6. The system of claim 1,wherein the printed circuit board is configured to emulate at least oneof a Bluetooth keyboard and a Bluetooth mouse and send output data to atleast one of a mobile device, a computer, and the augmented realitydisplay.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured tointerface with at least one of an implant configured to directly sensethe user's brain and an implant configured to directly stimulate theuser's brain.